Darlongs In Tripura

 

Dȃrlong Literature (Thiamthilthuziȃk) Dinghmun: Dȃrlong hnam angka thiamthilthuziȃk siȃrsuakna ṭlȃngpui.

            Abstract: Dȃrlong nȃi hin thiltamka ei loiin ziȃk ṭhinin ei loi ngaitua ve ṭhin. Hun itenka mochu mimal ngaituana nih hamṭhatna’n hun hei ni hei ei loi hmangral ṭhin achang. Tunlȃi khawvȇl vȃrna insȃng nih hawina insȃng dinghmun aṭangin ei hang ṭhlir chun hnam tamka lȃia hnam roirȃidel fȇ a ei lang no’n hmun nih hma ihman delna ei nei no. Kum 1952, Pu Johana’n Abul Bu tiin aloi inziȃk a oma. Ma hnungtiang chun, tamka lekhabu mani ṭong ngȇia inziȃk insua’n an om. Changrochu, ma lekhabuhei ngaina-ah anmani dungzuia hun hmang nih ṭong kalhmang ihmang hi ei hroiin ȃnlang achang. Pu Johana dot achun, Pu Siamkunga, Dȃrchawi chai han Dȃrlong ṭongin thiamthilthuziȃk sunzawmna a nei achang. Entrinan, Ei Mihmasak Hei, Damna Bai, Tian Thephung Bu Vol. 1 nih adang dang a loiin ziȃk. Khawvel ṭong dangdang inzuk loikop dinga pathianin ṭong ṭha nih ṭha inmak khatka ani pȇk hnung homin Dȃrlong hnam angkan pominkhatna hi a om no’n tumna reng hi aboiin ȃn lang ṭhin hial zawk achang. Vona ni angka hichun, ma ṭong ṭha nih inmak hmangin mani thiamthilthu inziȃk hnekin ȃn zakpui hi ei ṭangin ȃn langta hial achang. Ama zȃr chaia chun, Dȃrlong thiamthilthuziȃk dinghmun ṭlangpui hong itȃrlang dingin ma ngaidȃn phoilangna tawite ki hong inei achang.  

Thuinhrilṭana: Tunlaia hnam angkan mo, mirhiam angkan mo, khawvel angka homa a ibuaipui chem chu rikhen tihi achang. Rikhen eiti hin hnamdang tongin mo culture tihi achang. khawvel ram hin hnam inti taphot chun rikhen en ding, insir ding nih inngai ding an neiin an vong that hi apoimaw. ngaidan danglam dapkan chun rikhen tihi hnamzia tongbai rek hin inngaibel thin angka hin alang tama. Hnamzia eiti hin saptongin ethnicity ei iti hi aloi chang achang. Rikhen ei roibawm chai hin hnamzia ei nei tihi hawi inthial no rei. Ma rualrual chun, hnamzia ei neiphu’n rikhen neina-ah ei’n chong tina achang chuang no. maleia chun, an hni hin ei hawichiang nih ei humhal hi thil poimaw nih ngaithathei rualloia khawvel kalhmang om khat achang. Darlong hnam angka chun, ei hnamzia ei sut tana chem chu Sinlung – thephung ei pi nih puhei intandan insutna – tiha aloi chang.

            Sinlung tihin thephung tamka nih ngaidan tam tawk feka phawrsuak aloi ngai thin. Ei unai Mizo-Kuki-Chin hei homin Sinlung thephung chung innghatin mani hnamchang ihnemhnet anchang ve achang. Unai thenka chun hingkahin an sira;

“Dȃrlong lal ei ihawi hmasak chem chu Lal Singraia achang. Lal Singraia hin rimu ṭlȃnga[1] hmun khatka tia khua adinga. Ma khua chu Mupuisȋp khua ti achang. Hrildȃn chun Lal Singraia hi, tiana Liandoia hei Unȃi tia thephung ei isir ṭhin hunlȃia lal ti achang. Madungzui chun, Lal Singraia han Liandoiahei unai ihmu rȗlpui thata i om hȃ ha akawl leiin nȃi nupang khatka nih nȃi ipa khatka anei. Kachun, a nȃi nupangte rihming chu Dȃrchungnungi nih anȃi ipa rihming chu Dȃrsungpuia tiin ansak. Lal Singraia nȃinu Dȃrchungnungi chu ahong seiliana, nunghȃk ahong chang hnungin nupangte idit ṭhin kuarbe ṭhibe nih invawna dangdang a hong indi ṭan achang.  Nika chu Dȃrchungnungi chu a chamhei thuiin, kutbun nih kuarbe dȇngpu hnianga kutbun, banbun, kuarbe, tawnkil, ngȗn nih thil dangdang indȇng tir dingin an suaka. Beṭhi dȇngpu hnianga chun Dȃrchungnungi nih a chamhei chu an va ṭhlunga. An thlung hnunga beṭhi dȇngpu thildȇng hman anin[2] dawn achang chun, beṭhi dȇngpu chun, ‘thil nangni ki dȇng pȇk ding chun zȃn zȃnka anni ompui lak ṭhin ding chang ngati’ tiin ṭong a khȃma.

            Dȃrchungnungi chun beṭhi dȇngpu hnianga chun ‘kei te lalchi ki changte nang zȃlpui thei no ning’ a tia. Bethi dengpu chu aning athik fȇ homin rilrudang tiang  rochun, aṭi dȇn nghȃla. Mangka chun a cham hei chun beṭhi dȇngpu chu an zȃlpuia kuarbe, rithei nih banbun that taktak heichu av dêng peka. Changrochu, Dȃrchungnungi, akuarbe nih thildang simahei rochu dawiin anṭai pȇka. Chungkachun, Mupuisȋp khua panin Dȃrchungnungi nih a chemhei chun an hong kala. Mupuisip khua tlunghma’n li[3] khatka, Sentai Li ti a oma. Dȃrchungnungi nih achamhei chu an kuarbe nih beṭhi dang tharhei chu an suka. Dȃrchungnungi kuarbe nih beṭhi dang tiloi chu achamhei kuarbe tivel ihom a siat pȇk no a. Asanchu, Dȃrchungnungi kuarbe ha dawia intai anchang leia.

            In a hong ṭhlung achang chun, thil omzia chu chiang vȃika nih kip fȇkan asir pekin ahrila. Dȃrchungnungi chu a vanduai leiin khuasunga nunaiheiin inrinag an hmu’n an khawngai nawk ta zual achang. Achemhei chu anin don achangchun; anni chun ‘ati inte chang bani’ tiin an thunga. Kachun, Dȃrchungnungi pa Lal Singraia chu aning athik fe a, dawithiamhei chu ibum khawmin thil omzia hei chu ahril hoia. Dawithiamhei chu  inphungi beṭhi dȇngpu  omna khua nih tui chu tuilianin an that rit achang.

Hun ahong kal zȇla, Dȃrchungnungi chu ahong liana, nunghȃk hmelṭhatak changin ahong lȃra. A kawl vela rȃl ṭha nih mihuaisen heiin an dit ȇm ȇma. Changrochu, Dȃrchungnungi hin ṭlȃngval hmelṭha nih huaisan Thȃdingpuia Ṭlȃngsasuan a dita. Thȃdingpuia hom chun Dȃrchungnungi chu adit ve tho a. Changhomsiala hnamṭlawm chi achang lei nih Lalchi ka hmanin anei theiloi dingthu chu a hawi lei’n Dȃrchungnungi mualphoidar a awi no achang. Chu angkachun, Dȃrchungnungi chun Thadingpuia kalsuak lampaiin ahȇl ṭhin zawk achang tual leng ṭinin bukpuia riak dinga apan lai chun, lampuia aloi inruanga. Thadingpuia chu Dȃrchungnungi ompuia inpawl dingin afaw a, chunka hom chun, Thȃdingpuia chun, Lal nainu itawn chu an thiam loi zia hawi in ahniala. Changrochu Dȃrchungnungi chun, ‘ani ompui naw hom in, athang chu tum tho tho’ neti ati peka. Thadingpuia chun, Ki ompui naw hom in athang chu ke tum tho tho, thi hnek inte ati a, Dȃrchungnungi chu a ompui ta rak zawk a chang. Chunkachun, hun itenka mawchang hnung chun Dȃrchungnungi chu thling Changloi in a hong om a, anu nih apa in an fia a chang chun, thudik ahril ngam loi in khel ahril ta zawk a chang. Asan chu thudik ahril a chang chun, dan angkan Thȃdingpuia chu ithat a tul ding lei in. A khel hril dan chu mangka hi a chang, “Nuhoi hei suangding zawnga rama ki zui lai han, SARIZA in ninhnil ki thawnga, ani hong ibaw ha chang bani, mati bak loi chu ane ompui le ki hawi nghal nawh” ati a. Ka chun, nuhoi rama suangding zonga azui hei chu anin dona, anni chun, “ athawng lai han; ahong inbaw ngar ha” an loi ti a Lal anti lei in. Asan chu Lal tong nih Pathian tong ha hmun ka ngai in an ngai thin lei in. a khel an hawi mai hom in tuhman a kak ngam pap an nawh. Darchungnungi cham hei homin, Thadingpuia rek anin di ti an hawi ve mai homin ihman anti ngam nawh.

Hun itenka mawchang hnung chun Darchungnungi chun nai ipate ahong neia, ahmel athat fe a, angoi sa dena, an mom teltual sa lei in Lal upa hei in ari hminga THANGURA ti an isak, an loi ti thin. Thangura chanchin nih apiang dan hi ngaidan hrang hrang rochu a om. Khawsak hei chun, Thangura, hi raltha ram invak hei in naipangte achang laia rama an hong iser, an Lal Zahmuaka hnianga anin hlana, Zahmuaka chun naipang hmeltha tak, inmom tettut a chang leia THANGURA ti a ari hming aloi isak ti in an loi hril. Thangura piang dan nih hongsuak dan hi Darlong hnam hei chun Darchungnungi naipa a chang ti hi an loi ipom thlap a chang.

Ma taka inthok chun Pachuai in Sariza an that homin mani ina an hong inlut thin nawh. Hlangsasuan hei ina an hang inlut thin anti. Atuna ri homin ahawi hei chun an lan ser.

Mupuisip a Lal Singraia, in Lal lai hi Darlong Hnam lai nih Khawsak hnam lai a chun an thang em em in rihming anei fe a, an raltha hei lei in, an thawm hom alian in anin uang fe a chang. Mangka khopa khua rihming inthang Mupuisip khua chu aloi chang. Ma lei in, Thangur Hnam hei mi chunga ning athik changing nawle mi hnam chawm chunga anin hrang changing “Ni ngep naw roi, Muipuisipa piang kin chang” an ti thin. Lal singraia chun, naipa izaka maw anei ti ei hawi phak tak naw a, chanhomsiala anaipa Darsingpuia hla thu atangin, Darsingpuia chu anaipa a chang ngei ti rochu ei la chiang a chang.

A Hla chu:

“Ka zon, ka zon e,

Kappa Singrai,

Chatuan robawm dar ka zawng e,

Liando- Ngente lung lawm nan e”.

Liandoia hi Ngente a chang ti hom hi ma hla thu atangin ei hawi thiam. 

Darlong Hnam hei chun Thangura Nu chu Darchungnungi ti hi ipom thlap a chang. Apa raw chu Thadingpuia a chang ti in mi in an hawi homin anu in a ip tlat lei in, tu hman in ihman anti ngam nawh. Changhomsiala, Thangur hei chunga midang ningthik changing kahin anti thin: “I lemmo an chang bik, an ni hom Thadinga Zangtui fir” anti thin anti. Thephung dana achun hingkahin anin sir; “Sinlung-ah loi om hmasak chem chu “Sunlunga” anti, ama rihming inchawia a omna ram hi Sinlung ti a changin an hril, Sunlunga chun, naipa 3 (Inthumka) a nei a, 1) Mia chala 2) Niachala 3) Nelah chala an chang.  Ma mi 3 (inthumka) a tanga mihriam inpiang suak zong zong chu Sinlung suak i changin anin hril. ma hei chu: Pawi, Lakher, Lushai, Paite  Thado, Simte, Gangte, Vaiphei, Anal, Aimual, Chawthe, Chiru, Lamkang, Maring Mojon, Purum, Pang, Hmar, Biate mahei hi a tun hun a ri a, Thlang ram tla loia Sak tiang rama, ram hrang hranga om ve hei an chang. Sak rama a tanga thlang tiang hong tla a vawn sun hun a ri a hmun hrang hrang lua a om ve hei chu ma hei hi an chang.

Darlong, Halam, Kaipeng, Mualsawm, Ranglawng, Hrangkhawl, Bawng, Kor bawng, Saka chep, Thlanga chep, Kuki, Maka hei hi Sinlung suak,  Sunlunga chithla Sak ram a tanga thlang ram hong tla a kir chuang ta loi a, vawn sun hun a ri homa thlang tiang tlang mi hnam tam nih Varna loi nei tak, Debbarma hnam nih Reang hnam, Kor (Bengali) hnam Var tak nih manmasi tam tak hei laia mani hnam inhmak tir phal ve chaung loia, mani hnam nun phung(Culture) nih hnam changna (Identity) humhima mani hnam Zia-dan boiral phal chuang ve loi a,  hnam inti a khawvel hma a la ngir inding mai hei hi  an chang ve.

SINLUNG SUAK MIHRIAM NUN (CHARACTER):

Sinlung suak mihriam hei an om vena hmun nih ram hawi chiang an tak. athenin Kuki an ni ti a, athen chun Tibet mi an tong reng hom hi Tibetian language a changin an ne ngaia. an nen pua zek zuk, an nen chang zek zuk, Barma ram Chin in ti hnam hom an nen chang tir thin. “Ami shav” (hnam boi zong pawl )  hei in Isarel hnam iboia hei an chang an ni tih hom hi, Hmun ei vaidan, Ram ei vaidan en chun in awmloina i hom a om thamin anlang chuang nawh. Ei nungchang put dan tiang en homin nun tha loi nun nun fel loi, nunin hmawl nun rawng fe nghal, dikna nei loi, Ringomna nei loi, Zaidawthiamna boi, in rok roka inthat thata, in um uma thaw thin hnam nun setak! Mawina nih thatna reng reng an nuna om ve loi an chang.  Hnam chi hrang hranga inthen dar, tong chi dang danga inhrang khawte te a inthen dar, mania thunei awi tak thunei dan rawchu thiam loi tak nghal rama sa that manmasi that chunga lawmna nei tum, nungchang thatna (good manners) tiang reng reng hril ding nei loi hi, Sinlung suak mihriam zia (nature) a loi chang.

“Sakrama om Sinlung suak mihriam nungchang nih Thlang rama om Sunlung suak mihriam- nungchang insui suakna”:

1. Sak ram mi hei nun zia (Character) Khawvel hnam tin laia, Civilisation in hmun a changin sang tak laia, Sinlung suak nai hei homin an chng phak ve ta. Chun, Khawvel kalchawi civilisationa danglamna bak homa, chanchin tha dongna leia hmasawnna nun hin, Sinlung Suak nei hei a chawisang, mangkata hmuna an om chungin Tian lai hnam nun zia in, hmun a la chang ve sa tir leia, Hnam nih hnam inrem thiam loina leia buai a tam, Tiana angka nai in, inthat thata, an thaw tama, hnam mal mal te in mani zalenna zongin Helna (Rebellion) an insua tam. Changhomsiala, hnam dinga zalenna i sual pu hei lai homa inremna chu om chuang lem loi an changa, tuna India ram danpui 6th Scheduled hnuaia para 20 - na a part 3 na a hin, Autonomous District Council 9 (Kuaka) a omna a hom hin Sunlunga Chithla Sinlung mihriam hnam chi hrang om tamna ram bung sunga chun (Manipura) hmun khatka hom ei chang phak nawh.  

            1.   Assam ram sunga hmun inhnika                   (2)

            2.  Meghalaya ram sunga hmun inthumka           (3)

            3.  Tripura ram sunga hmun khatka                    (1)

            4.  Mizoram sunga hmun  inthumka                    (3)

            Maka hei laia Mizo (Lushai)) chu Sunlunga chithla dik tak laia mi an chang. Ma lei achun eini Sinlung nai hei in khawvel ni suakna sunga “Omna bilbomna ei chang phak ve na chu Mizoram chai a chang”.

Eini Sinlung mi hei chun, Mizoram chu ei nu ei pa a chang ve a chang angkan, ei nu ei pa a ei nei ding a chang. Anni homin naia anni nei ve ding a chang. Changrawchu Sinlung nai seng seng laia Mizoram chun, Lai nih Mara chu District Council a hranga i pe ve in mi dang hnam danga inngai thiam dingin a hrangin a enkol. Ma naw homa Hmar nai hei chun, Mizoram sunga District Chouncil  hrang om thiam ve dingin insawn mekin an om thu a om vu, “a tha chem chu Sinlung suak mihriam ka hi chu Proto-Nation mai ti chang loia,  Nation- inti thiam ding khawpa inhril var ei tul. Ma ding hmun chang thiam ding chun, Mizoram chun pa (Sunlunga) i chang thiam a tula, Mizoram pu tianga om ve nai hei;   

(1)  Miachala,

                        (2) Nia chala,

                        (3) Nela chala, chang thiam a tul ve,

Darlong ulian hei hril dan chun, an-pa Sunlunga dam kar sungka chu an rengka chunga inthlang vaika Roirel a thiama, a thi khal hnung homin an-pa Sunlunga’n inthlanga an chunga roi aloi rel thin angkan, an nai hei chunga roi anla rel thei an tih. Anni mi 3 (Inthumka) nai hei chu, mihriam tam an hong chang tak leia thu inthlawm vaika roirel an tak pek ta. maleia chun, an-pa hei tangpuina an tulin an hawi thin. anpa hei inthumka miachala Niachala, Nelachala an thi rit hnung chun, an-pa hei Sam (Hair) chu hmun kan an tela, Roirelna a annei hun hin an inlaina hmuna hin, Chingkina inkhaiin anin thung  tir thin an ti. Voika chu, anlaia ulianpu chem pawipa hin an-pa hei sam tel chu a chawi vita,  a ropui an ti; mataka inthawk chun anlaia inrem thiamna reng reng an nei thei ta naw in an hril, ma taka inthawk chun a naipang pu thiam loina hnengin a ulianpu thiam loina leiin Sinlung suak mihriam laia thil a se tamin an hril. an thufing nei chu ma hi a chang. ”Nai ulianpu in lampui din a hraw chun, an urengin lampui din an hraw” an ti thin. Nai ulianpu pawipa lampui din hraw naw leia sunlunga chithla sinlung nai hei chun, lampui din an hro thiam ve ta nawh.

2) “Thlang ram mihei nunzia. (Character):

Thlang ram ti hin ei i suiphak tawk nih ei i hril thiam chin chu, Tripura (Reang ram) hi a chang. Rengpui ram chu tianlai huna inthoka Vai (Debbarma) om tamna ram a chang. Tripura chu Hindu sa-khua Biak hei omna hmun achang leiin Tlangmi nih phaitual mi Hindu hlak an chang. Ma chu a chang leia, Sinlung nai inti hei hom Kor (Bengali) zui in Hindu inti in an oma.  Darlong hnam mi hroika te ti loi chu, mani hnam nun mani culture mani hnam Zia-dan (Customary law) in dam an om nawh. Darlong hnam baka chun, Hindu culture Hindu philosophy ngaituana in an ngaituana a lak boi rit leiin, ante an nai hei  rihming saka riin kor rihming an zui, an changna dik tak an identity an inboi rit tak hnung homin an hnam chang anin boina ala hawi nawh. An hnianga mani mi Hmar naw le Mizo Missionary changa om ve hei chun le poia an inngaipui naw, an hnama la lut tumin an changna boi chu an phal pui zawkin anlang; Darlong hnam hroika te hei chaiin an an Hindu Sa-khua an pom ve naw, an Hindu philosophy an ringpui ve awi naw. Mangka ding hmuna an oma tangpui thiam dinga om Mizo ram chun le Darlong culture, Darlong hnam philosophy customary law humhimpui dan zong loiin, anen boipui an tum zawkin ani fak ral aw an zong. Kum 1917- 1918-1919 chanchin tha anni hong hril sawng ha chun, Darlong tlanga om thin hei Darlong nin chang Kuki nin chang naw, ti anni hong hril var lai hachun buaipui ding i hom a om no.  Atun hi chun Darlong hnam nunphung (Darlong culture) Darlong changna, (Darlong Identity) Darlong hnamzia dan (Customary law) Darlong hnam Organisation (Darlong hnam inzom) ahrat thei tak no'n, kalhmang tak tak a nei ning ta no. Malei achun, ei chanchin intikkhawm nih ei sulhnung hei inziak khawm hi thil harsa a chang ta achang.  

 

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[1] Rimu an tam leia rimu tlang ti achang.

[2] Dȃrchungnungi nih a chamhei.

[3] Lake.